In this article, we present an interdisciplinary analysis that combines perspectives of law and social work on the role of child welfare social work in Finnish repatriations of children from camps in north-eastern Syria after the territorial losses of the terrorist organisation ISIS in 2019. We used qualitative data that consists of interviews of professionals, which we analysed using thematic analysis. The findings show how a rights-based approach to the issue of repatriation helped to decrease tension in a highly politicised situation, making children’s rights the starting point of the decision making process followed by a professionally led bureaucratic process in which several children were repatriated from the camps in Syria. Social workers’ decisions in individual cases both affected the legal obligations of the state to repatriate and the repatriation processes. The actions taken by the social workers emerge as practices of rights-based social work. Importantly, the role of social workers has been essential in how rights of the children were negotiated and understood in an evolving process between authorities.