The study presents Palestinian women’s involvement in terrorism and the way in which their security violations are processed by the Israeli justice system. The study is based on in-depth interviews of three groups involved in Palestinian terrorism or responses to it: first, Palestinian women who were arrested for security offenses; second, Palestinian community social and religious leaders and social service professionals; third, agents of Israeli law enforcement and legal system that respond to and process security violations. The results suggest that regardless of Palestinian women motivation to participate in terrorism, the roles they play, the functions they fulfill and the ways they are portrayed in legal proceedings are different from that of their male counterparts. The data further show that Palestinian women whose missions have failed or they were arrested for their involvement, find themselves doubly penalized — for their security violations and for their gendered deviance. The implications of the results for Palestinian society are drawn and discussed.