This report is a comparative assessment of approaches to counter-radicalisation and de-radicalisation
within four countries from the European Policy Planners’ Network (EPPN). It begins by setting out the
definitions of key terms. It then provides an overview of the recent history of extremist violence and the
approaches taken in tackling radicalisation and facilitating de-radicalisation in the Netherlands, Sweden,
Denmark and Germany in order to contextualise the environment in which the programmes examined in
the report operate. The report will then identify some of the key challenges and lessons that can be
learned from the outcomes of policies and initiatives in this area. It is part of a larger project funded by
the European Commission and is based on research and interviews conducted during visits to countries in
question. Although this paper focuses primarily on four EPPN countries, the appendix contains case
studies from elsewhere in Europe that offer valuable insights into other successful initiatives and
programs in the field of counter-radicalisation.