Over the past decade, government policy has repeatedly identi ed prisons as particularly important environ- ments in terms of both the risks of radicalisation and of opportunities for de-radicalisation. is paper provides an overview of some of the most important research ndings that have emerged on prison and violent extremism in recent years. Drawing on this research, the article synthesises and assesses the dominating themes and views in the literature. e paper also identi es a number of signi cant knowledge gaps that deserve further scholarly attention.